Partial Knee replacement

A partial knee replacement, also known as a unicompartmental knee replacement (UKA), is a surgical procedure to replace only the damaged part of the knee joint. Unlike a total knee replacement, it preserves healthy bone, cartilage, and ligaments, which can lead to a quicker recovery, more natural knee function, and less pain. It is most commonly used to treat osteoarthritis that is confined to a single compartment of the knee.

How the procedure works

During the operation, a surgeon removes the worn-out cartilage and bone from the single affected section and replaces it with an artificial implant made of metal and plastic.

• The knee has three compartments: Medial: The inner side of the knee. Lateral: The outer side of the knee. Patellofemoral: The area under the kneecap.
• During surgery, the damaged portion is resurfaced with metal components. A smooth plastic spacer is then inserted between the metal implants to act as new cartilage.
• Robotic-assisted surgery is an advanced method that uses a 3D model of the knee for highly precise implant placement, which can lead to even better outcomes.

Who is a candidate?

Partial knee replacement is not suitable for everyone. Good candidates typically meet the following criteria:

• Localized arthritis: Damage is limited to only one or two compartments of the knee.
• Intact ligaments: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) must be stable.
• Sufficient range of motion: The knee should not have significant stiffness.
• Failed conservative treatments: Nonsurgical options like physical therapy, medication, and injections have not provided adequate relief.

It is not recommended for patients with inflammatory arthritis (like rheumatoid arthritis) or widespread knee damage.